Steam generator



Feb. 27, 1934. w NOACK 1,948,940

STEAM GENERATOR Filed Dec. 16, 1930 Patented Feb. 27, 1934 UNITED STATESPATENT" OFFICE STEAM GENERATOR pany of Switzerland Application December16, 1930, Serial No. 502,682 In Germany December 16, 1929 7 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in steam generators, andparticularly to steam generators of the type in which the combustiblecharge is burned under high-pressure and the pressure head of theproducts of combustion is used to obtain high combustion gas velocitiesand therethrough high heat transmission to the water to be vaporized, asdescribed in my copending applications Serial Nos. 333,453 filed January18,

' 1929, 343,745 filed March 1, 1929, 414,428 filed December 16, 1929,and 419,026 filed January 7, 1930.

In steam generators in which fuel is burned under high pressure, and thepressure is utilized to impart to the combustion gases high velocityacross the heating surfaces, it is necessary that the high rate of heattransfer on the gas side shall be matched by an even higher degree ofheat transfer to the water flowing in contact 2 with the opposite sideof the heater walls. The

water to be vaporized must therefore be circulated at a high velocity,and the amount of the Water circulated must be a multiple of thequantity of water vaporized to secure continuous contact of the heatedwalls with water. To attain the desired result, special means must beprovided to secure adequate circulation of the water and eflEectiveseparation of the steam generated from the water.

It is among the objects of the present invention to overcome theforegoing difficulties and to provide special arrangements forcirculation of a multiple of the quantity of water to be evaporizedalong the heating surfaces, and efficiently separating the generatedsteam therefrom.

The foregoing and other objectsof the invention will be apparent fromthe following description of exemplifications thereof reference beinghad to the accompanying drawing in which Figure 1 is a verticalcross-sectional view of one embodiment of the present invention taken onthe plane A-A of Fig. 2,

Fig. 2 is a horizontal cross-sectional View taken on the plane BB ofFig. 1, and

Fig. 3 is a developed view of a nozzle structure embodied in and forminga portion of the steam generator shown in section in Fig. 1 anddesignated by numeral 36.

In the drawing is shown a steam generator comprising a bottom section 6,a main section 8 and a top section 9 forming a hollow combustionchamber. A water circulating pump '7 and a water separator 10 areconnected to the genera- 5 tor as shown.

The bottom section 6 is substantially in the shape of a hollow frustrumof a cone havlng double walls to provide a water outlet duct 12 leadingthe water to the circulating pump '7 and r a water inlet duct 13 adaptedto receive water 0 from the pump 7 at relatively high pressure. Throughthe lower end of the conical bottom section combustion air is admittedto the chamber.

The intermediate section 8 is in the form of a cylinder 14 which issubstantially covered or sheathed on the inside by a plurality of watertubes 16, connected with the water inlet duct 13 of the bottom section6, and extending upwardly to discharge into the top section 9. Each 10of the water tubes 16 has a tube 1'7 arranged concentrically therein toprovide a path for the outflow of the combustion gases from thecombustion chamber. The water is returned from the top section 9 througha plurality of return conduits 19 formed on the inner surface of theshell 14 connected through outlet duct 12 to the water pump 7. The fuelis injected into the combustion chamber through nozzles 21 extendingthrough the water return conduits 19, the 30 fuel being supplied from afuel line 23. The fuelair mixture is ignited by a spark plug 24 or othersuitable means. The combustion gases are discharged from the chamberthrough the gas tubes 1'7 and heat the relatively thin cylinder of watermoving through tubes 16 under high pressure from the pump 7 toward thetop section 9.

The heated and partially vaporized water rising in the water tubes 16discharges into a space 26 in the top section 9 which is inclosed by anouter shell 28. A portion of the water flows downwardly through anannular inlet formed between the inner shell 29 and an extensiontherefrom forming a confined space 31 which is connected with a steamdome 32 by a tube 33. As the water passes into space 31 the steambubbles separate therefrom due to the flattening of the steam, and dueto the pressure drop through throttling in the narrow inlet slot tospace 31. The steam separated from the water rises to the top of thespace 31 and discharges through pipe 33 into steam dome 32 and the wateris carried downwardly through the return conduits 19 into the outletduct 12. The portion of the water not flowing into confined space 31rises through openings 36 provided with nozzles, as shown developed inFig. 3, into an apertured basin 37 spaced from the outer shell 28. Thewater flowing through nozzle openings 36 is given a rotating motionwhich causes the heavier water particles to 001- lect in the spacearound basin 37 from which the water is returned through a pipe 38 tothe return conduits 19. The steam rising from the basin 37 collects insteam dome 32 and is discharged tangentially into water separator 10from which where by reason of the centrifugal action the dry steam iscollected in the top of separator and led to points of consumption, andthe water is returned through a pipe 39 to the pump 7.

A plurality of steam generators described may be connected in parallelto require only one water circulating pump and one separate steamseparator. Where individual water separators are used, they may beconnected in parallel to a common reservoir. On this common reservoirmay be mounted the control arrangements of the entire battery ofboilers, such as the feed water regulators, pressure instruments, andalarm signalling systems.

Although but one embodiment of the present invention has beenillustrated and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in theart that various changes and modifications may be made therein withoutdeparting from the spirit of the invention or from the scope of theappended claims.

The invention claimed is:

1. In asteam generator, a main section, a plurality of tubes containingthe water to be vaporized and substantially covering the inner surfaceof said main section, a bottom section having a water return and a waterdistributing channel formed therein, said tubes being connected with thewater distributing channel, a top section receiving the waterdischarging thereinto, conduits formed interiorly on said main sectionfor returning the water from said top section to said bottom section,fuel injection nozzles extending through said water return conduits intosaid main section, means Within said top section for partiallyseparating the steam formed from the water by producing a pressure droptherein, and means within said top section for substantially separatingthe steam formed from the water by centrifugal action thereof.

2. In a combination with a steam generator comprising a receivingchamber, a water inlet duct, a set of water tubes between said duct andsaid chamber arranged to circulate Water to be evaporated from said ductto said chamber, and means for passing hot combustion gases in heatexchange relation to said water tubes to heat the same, of meansassociated with said receiving chamber to separate therein the majorpart of the. circulated water from the evaporized steam, pump means andduct means connected between the water space of said receiving chamberand said inlet duct constituting a circuit for imparting to theseparated water a high circulating velocity through said water tubes,and an additional water separator connected to the steam space or" saidreceiving chamber to receive therefrom the generated steam, saidadditional water separator being arranged to segregate the water fromthe received steam and having its water space connected to said watercircuit to return the segregated water to the water circulated throughsaid water tubes.

3. In combination with a steam generator comprising a receiving chamber,a Water inlet duct, a set of water tubes between said duct and saidchamber arranged to circulate water to be evaporated from said duct tosaid chamber, and means for passing hot combustion gases in heatexchange relation to said water tubes to heat the same, of

means associated with said receiving chamber for imparting to the waterentering the same a movement separating the major part of the circulatedwater from the evaporized steam, pump means and duct means extendingalong said water tubes connected between the water space of saidreceiving chamber and said inlet duct constituting a circuit forimparting to the separated water a high circulating velocity throughsaid water tubes, and an additional segregated water separator connectedto the steam space of said receiving chamber to receive therefrom thegenerated steam, said additional water separator being arranged tosegregate the water from the received steam and having its water spaceconnected to said water circuit to return the segregated water to thewater circulated through said water tubes.

4. In combination with a steam generator comprising a receiving chamber,a water inlet duct, a set of water tubes betwen said duct and saidchamber arranged to circulate water to be evaporated from said duct tosaid chamber, and means for passing hot combustion gases in heatexchange relation to said water tubes to heat the same, of meansassociated with said receiving chamber for imparting to the waterentering the same a rotary movement separating the major part of thecirculated water from the evaporized steam, pump means and duct meansconnected between the water space of said receiving chamber and saidinlet duct constituting a circuit for imparting to the separated water ahigh circulating velocity through said water tubes, and an additionalsegregated water separator connected to the steam space of saidreceiving chamber to receive therefrom the generated steam, saidadditional water separator being arranged to segregate the water fromthe received steam and having its water space connected to said watercircuit to return the segregated water to the water circulated throughsaid water tubes.

5. In combination with a steam generator comprising a receiving chamber,a water inlet duct, a set of water tubes between said duct and saidchamber arranged to circulate water to be evaporated from said duct tosaid chamber, and means for passing hot combustion gases at highvelocity in heat exchange relation to said water tubes to heat the same,of means associated with said receiving chamber to separate therein themajor part of the circulated water from the evaporized steam, pump meansand duct means connected between the Water space of said receivingchamber and said inlet duct constituting a circuit for imparting to theseparated water a high circulating velocity through said water tubes,and an additional water separator connected to the steam space of saidreceiving chamber to receive therefrom the generated steam, saidadditional water separator being arranged to segregate the water fromthe received steam and having its Water space connected to said watercircuit to return the segregated water to the water circulated throughsaid water tubes.

6. In a steam generator, a receiving chamber, a water inlet duct, a setof water tubes between said inlet duct and said receiving chamber tocirculate water to be evaporized from said duct to said chamber, meansfor passing hot combustion gases at high velocity in heat exchangerelation to the Water in said tubes to heat the same, pump and ductmeans connected between said receiving chamber and said inlet duct forimparting to water from said receiving chamber a 159 tion to the waterin said tubes to heat the same and evaporize a part thereof, pump andduct means connected between said receiving chamber and said inlet ductfor imparting to a multiple of water to be evaporized a high circulatingvelocity in the direction from said receiving chamber through saidheater tubes into said receiving chamber, and means associated with saidreceiving chamber for imparting to the entering water impelled by thepump means a rotary movement separating the major part of the circulatedwater from the steam generated therein.

WALTER GUSTAV NOACK.

